This Final report summarises the key findings of the Horizon Europe – Policy Support Facility’s Mutual Learning Exercise (MLE) on Bridging the Gap between Science and Policy. Fifteen countries participated in the MLE, exchanging information about national initiatives and approaches used to support and develop evidence-informed policymaking, and to discuss ways to improve national S4P ecosystems. Four key themes – knowledge-sharing, enabling conditions, evaluation and assessment of S4P ecosystems, and trust in S4P – structured the MLE work. This report highlights the key insights generated and recommends areas where action is needed to improve S4P ecosystems and related policies. The report was presented at the SAM 2025 Conference in Vienna.
